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A fitting that attaches the luff of a headsail to a stay while allowing the sail to be raised or lowered. Hanks may be piston, snap, hook or soft types and are spaced along the sail’s luff. They keep the sail close to the stay but slide along it during hoisting and lowering; a hanked…
To haul in a sheet or other control so that a sail is held closer to the vessel’s centreline. The instruction is normally used when trimming for a course closer to the wind or reducing excessive sail movement. It describes changing sheet or control tension, not turning the vessel; the helm instruction to turn closer…
To turn a sailing vessel closer towards the wind. The instruction changes the vessel’s heading and usually requires the sails to be trimmed in as the apparent wind moves forward. It is broadly synonymous with luff up or head up in this context, although command usage can vary between crews. The turn is limited by…
With a vessel’s bow pointing directly into the true wind. A sailing vessel placed head to wind normally has little or no aerodynamic drive from its fore-and-aft sails, which luff unless backed or otherwise controlled. The condition is used during some sail-hoisting, lowering and reefing operations, but the best heading depends on the sail, rig,…
A sail set forward of a vessel’s foremost or principal mast. Headsails include jibs, genoas, staysails and various reaching or downwind sails, depending on rig and usage. They may be hanked to a stay, set in a foil, flown free or carried on a furler, and a vessel can set more than one at the…
A vessel’s inclination to port or starboard from the upright. Heel is commonly produced by wind force on sails or superstructure, turning forces, an off-centre suspended load or uneven weight distribution. It is generally distinguished from list, which describes a more persistent inclination caused by loading, flooding or damage, although everyday usage can overlap. The…
Standing rigging leading forward from a mast to support it against aft-directed loads. A forestay may lead from the masthead or a fractional attachment to the bow, stem fitting or bowsprit. A headsail can be hanked to it, set in a foil around it or carried on a separate inner stay, so sail attachment is…
To gather, roll or fold a sail into its stowed or reduced state. A sail may be rolled around a stay or spar, drawn into a mast or boom, or lowered and secured with sail ties. Completely furling removes it from use; partially rolling a sail reduces area only when the sail and furling system…
The action or equipment used to gather, roll or fold a sail into a stowed or reduced state. Headsail systems commonly rotate a foil or stay, while in-mast and in-boom systems roll a mainsail inside or along a spar. Traditional furling instead lowers and secures the sail without a rotating mechanism. A furling system eases…
A fore-and-aft rig in which a gaff supports the head of a generally four-sided sail. The gaff’s forward end lies against or near the mast and its aft end extends to the sail’s peak. Throat and peak halyards commonly hoist and control it, while the sail’s foot may be set on a boom or left…
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