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A small, usually open boat used independently or as a tender to a larger vessel. A sailing dinghy is a lightweight craft sailed for training, recreation or racing and may be designed to capsize and be righted by its crew. A tender dinghy carries people or stores between a parent vessel and shore and may…
To lower or take in a sail, or in another context to extinguish a light or flame. Dousing a sail means removing its driving effect and bringing it under control, often before harbour entry, a sail change or worsening conditions. The method differs for a mainsail, headsail and spinnaker and need not always be rapid….
A line or tackle used to pull a sail, spar or fitting downwards or towards a lower control point. Its function depends on the rig. A mainsail downhaul can tension the luff or pull a sliding gooseneck down; a jib downhaul can help lower the sail; and other downhauls control poles, tack lines or retrieval…
In or towards the direction to which the wind is blowing. A position downwind lies on the lee side of the reference point. A vessel travelling downwind is making progress generally in the same direction as the true wind, although its exact point of sail may be a broad reach or a run rather than…
A point of sail on which a vessel sails as close to the wind as it can while keeping the sails drawing effectively. The sails are trimmed in and the vessel makes progress to windward on one tack. The closest useful angle varies with rig, sail condition, hull and appendages, wind strength, sea state and…
A fore-and-aft sailing rig whose mainsail is triangular, with its luff set along the mast and its foot usually controlled by a boom. Also called a Bermuda rig and historically a Marconi rig, it commonly includes one or more headsails set before the mast. It may be used on sloops, cutters, ketches and other arrangements,…
The airflow component attributable to a vessel’s own motion through the surrounding air. It is a teaching term used when constructing apparent wind. The motion-wind vector acts opposite to the vessel’s velocity through the air; during ordinary forward motion it therefore appears to come from ahead and becomes larger as that velocity increases. Boat wind…
A spar attached to or associated with a mast that controls the foot and position of a sail. On a conventional mainsail the boom extends aft from the mast, supports or tensions the sail’s foot and transfers loads from the mainsheet, vang or kicking strap, outhaul and reefing systems. It pivots across the vessel as…
To hold a headsail out to windward, usually with a pole, when sailing downwind. When a boat is running, the mainsail can shield the headsail from the wind. Holding the headsail’s clew out on the opposite side can keep it filled, creating the arrangement commonly described as goosewinged. A properly rigged whisker pole or spinnaker…
A spar projecting forward from a vessel’s bow to support rigging or the tack of a forward sail. On traditional rigs it may carry forestays and stays for jibs, increasing the foretriangle or spreading the standing-rigging loads. Modern yachts may use a fixed or retractable bowsprit primarily for an asymmetric spinnaker or other reaching sail…
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