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A sail control that tensions or positions the clew away from the mast or towards the outboard end of a boom or spar. On a conventional mainsail the outhaul pulls the clew aft along or towards the boom end, changing foot tension and lower-sail depth. It may be a simple line, an internal purchase, a…
The sideways movement of a vessel through the water caused mainly by wind acting on its exposed surfaces. Leeway carries a vessel downwind of the direction in which it is heading. The leeway angle is the angle between the vessel’s heading and its resulting track through the water, and it varies with wind strength, point…
The leading edge of a sail. On a mainsail it normally runs between tack and head beside the mast; on a headsail it lies along or ahead of the supporting stay or foil. The luff may contain a bolt rope, slides, cars, hanks or a shaped tape according to the attachment system. Halyard, cunningham and…
To steer a sailing vessel closer towards the wind. Luffing up reduces the angle between the vessel’s heading and the true or apparent wind and normally requires the sails to be trimmed for the new course. The term describes a heading change, whereas a sail itself luffs when its leading edge loses smooth airflow and…
A temporary reduction in wind speed. A lull may last only a few seconds or persist for longer between gusts or during a broader change in the weather. It can alter sail force, apparent wind, boat speed and balance, particularly when the surrounding wind is variable. The term describes a decrease rather than a forecast…
To set or increase sail in preparation for or while proceeding under sail. Making sail can include hoisting, unfurling or setting one or more sails and trimming them for the intended course. The expression may describe getting under way under sail, but it can also mean adding sail after the vessel is already under way….
The sail set on the mainmast and normally regarded as the principal sail of that mast. On a modern sloop or cutter it is usually a fore-and-aft sail with its luff attached to or close to the mast and its foot on a boom or loose-footed. Other rigs use gaff, lug, square or multi-masted arrangements,…
An adjustable fitting or car that moves the mainsheet’s effective deck attachment across or along the vessel. On many yachts the car runs on a transverse track and changes the boom’s lateral position without the same change in sheet tension that would occur by easing the mainsheet. This allows angle of attack and leech tension…
A principal upright or near-upright spar or structure that supports sails, rigging or equipment aboard a vessel. A sailing mast carries sail and rig loads through standing and running rigging and may be deck-stepped or keel-stepped. Power vessels also use masts for lights, antennas, radar, signals and sensors, and construction may be timber, aluminium, steel…
Lines rigged on each side of a boom to guide and contain a sail as it is lowered. They normally lead from the mast or upper rigging to points along the boom, forming a cradle for a mainsail or similar fore-and-aft sail. They may be fixed, adjustable or integrated with a sail cover and are…
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