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Struck or swept by a sea breaking over the vessel’s stern. A vessel is pooped when a following wave overtakes it and breaks onto the poop deck, afterdeck or cockpit. Water may flood open spaces, damage equipment or enter the accommodation, but the word does not necessarily mean that the vessel has been completely swamped….
Suspended microscopic water droplets or ice particles near the surface that reduce visibility but leave it at 1,000 metres or more. Under the meteorological distinction, fog reduces visibility below 1,000 metres while mist is the less dense obscuration above that threshold. Both can form through cooling moist air, evaporation or mixing, and visibility can vary…
An arrangement that secures a vessel to the seabed, shore or a fixed structure, or the act of using that arrangement. A mooring may consist of lines to a berth, a permanent buoy and ground tackle, piles, dolphins, fore-and-aft anchors or another engineered system. Unlike anchoring with the vessel’s own anchor, a permanent mooring is…
A buoy connected to seabed ground tackle and intended to provide or identify a point for securing a vessel. The vessel normally connects to a pickup line, pendant, ring or riser associated with the buoy rather than anchoring independently. Buoy colour, markings, ownership and permitted use vary by jurisdiction and purpose; some mooring buoys also…
Proceeding under engine while a sailing vessel also has one or more sails set. Motor sailing can increase speed, reduce rolling or help maintain a chosen course in light or adverse wind. Sail trim and engine power must be coordinated because the apparent wind and loads can change as the vessel accelerates or alters course….
Lights displayed by a vessel to indicate its presence, aspect, type, size or operational status to other vessels. Common navigation lights include red and green sidelights, a white sternlight, white masthead lights and all-round lights. The required colour, arc, number, vertical and horizontal arrangement, and range of visibility depend on the vessel’s length, propulsion, activity…
An international automated radio service that broadcasts maritime safety information to ships in coastal and sea areas. NAVTEX transmits navigational and meteorological warnings, forecasts, search-and-rescue information and other urgent messages by narrow-band direct printing. Receivers identify transmitting stations and message categories and can suppress many unwanted repeats while retaining mandatory safety categories. International NAVTEX commonly…
A vessel unable through exceptional circumstances to manoeuvre as required by the collision regulations and therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The status concerns actual inability, not merely inconvenience, restricted visibility, difficult handling or a voluntary decision to stop. Causes can include steering or propulsion failure or another exceptional loss…
An official notice providing navigationally relevant changes or hazards for a defined local area. A harbour, coastguard, hydrographic or other competent authority may issue an LNM covering works, buoyage, depths, closures, events, hazards or operating restrictions. The name, publication schedule, geographic scope and legal effect vary between countries and authorities. Some information is temporary while…
Situated, moving or operating away from the shore or towards the open sea. The term is relative unless a regulation, forecast, industry standard or local publication defines a boundary. It may describe direction, waters, wind, structures or operations, and ‘offshore’ in commercial or safety regulation can have a specialised meaning. Offshore water is not necessarily…
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