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A sudden, substantial increase in wind speed that lasts longer than a brief gust. A squall can accompany a shower, thunderstorm, cold front or line of convective cloud, but it is not defined by the presence of dark cloud or by one particular type of front. Wind direction may shift and heavy rain, hail, lightning…
The forward impulse or surge imparted to a vessel or floating object by waves or swell. In traditional nautical usage, the send of the sea describes the bodily movement or momentum produced as a wave lifts and carries the vessel. It may be felt near a harbour entrance, shoal, wall or other place where wave…
A sudden impact produced when part of a vessel’s hull re-enters or strikes the water with substantial relative velocity. Bottom slamming often affects forward flatter sections after they emerge in waves, while bow flare, wet-deck and stern slamming occur in other hull forms and conditions. The event creates short-duration pressure loads, noise and acceleration rather…
A shallow area or submerged elevation of the seabed that may pose a navigation hazard. A shoal may consist of sand, gravel, mud, rock or coral and can lie near shore or offshore. Whether it is dangerous depends on charted and actual depth, tidal height, vessel draught, squat, waves and the required under-keel clearance. Currents…
The acquired ability to balance, move and work comfortably on a vessel in motion. Developing sea legs involves adapting posture, timing and movement to roll, pitch and acceleration and is separate from complete immunity to seasickness. Adaptation varies between people, vessels and conditions and can be lost after time ashore. Experience does not remove fall…
A drag device deployed in the water to limit drift and control a vessel’s orientation relative to wind and waves. A sea anchor is commonly a parachute-shaped fabric device deployed from the bow or another designed strong point to hold the vessel broadly head-to-weather. It differs from a drogue, which is usually streamed astern to…
A ridge, chain or area of rock, coral or other consolidated material lying at or near the water surface. Reefs may be biogenic, volcanic, rocky or artificial and can be exposed, drying or fully submerged. Sandbanks and shoals can create similar navigation hazards but are not necessarily reefs because unconsolidated sand alone is not the…
A fast, turbulent tidal stream, often concentrated by seabed or coastal features. Tidal races form where large volumes of water are forced through narrow channels, around headlands or over abrupt changes of depth. Eddies, overfalls and steep waves may develop, especially near the strongest part of the stream. Conditions can deteriorate sharply when wind opposes…
Struck or swept by a sea breaking over the vessel’s stern. A vessel is pooped when a following wave overtakes it and breaks onto the poop deck, afterdeck or cockpit. Water may flood open spaces, damage equipment or enter the accommodation, but the word does not necessarily mean that the vessel has been completely swamped….
Angular vessel motion about a transverse axis, alternately raising and lowering the bow and stern. Pitch is one of the six rigid-body motions of a vessel and is commonly excited by waves, particularly when their encounter period relates to the vessel’s natural response. Unlike heave, which is vertical translation of the whole vessel, pitch is…
If you belive the Earth is flat, you're about to fall of the end...
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