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A speed at which a vessel can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within an appropriate distance. The collision regulations require continuous consideration of visibility, traffic, manoeuvrability, background lights, wind, sea, current, hazards and draught, with additional radar factors when fitted. Safe speed is therefore situational, not a fixed numerical…
A load-rated tether connecting a crew member’s harness to a strong point or jackline on a vessel. It is intended to prevent separation from the vessel and, where possible, a fall over the side. Attachment points, tether length, hooks, harness fit and a method of releasing under load require careful selection and inspection.
A sling designed to support and lift a person during recovery from the water. It is passed around or attached to the casualty and connected to a hauling point or lifting device. The method should minimise constriction, prevent the person slipping out and, where practicable, keep an exhausted casualty near horizontal.
The horizontal distance between the lines of action of buoyancy and weight when a vessel is heeled. Usually denoted GZ, it multiplied by displacement gives the vessel’s static righting moment. Its value changes with heel and loading and becomes negative when the heeling tendency exceeds the righting tendency.
A severe heel in which a sailing vessel is forced onto its side, commonly with the mast near or in the water. It may be caused by a squall, breaking wave, broach or excessive sail. Recovery depends on stability, watertight integrity and reducing the heeling force, while unsecured people and equipment face significant risk.
A device that automatically releases secured survival equipment when submerged to a specified water pressure. It is commonly fitted to float-free EPIRBs and liferafts so they can rise if a vessel sinks. Correct installation, unobstructed float-free movement and replacement within the marked service life are essential.
An Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon carried to alert search-and-rescue authorities after a maritime distress. A 406 MHz EPIRB transmits a coded identity through Cospas-Sarsat and may include GNSS position and a homing signal. It must be registered, correctly mounted, tested only by approved methods and kept within battery and hydrostatic-release service dates.
A safety device that shuts off fuel or gas when a burner flame is extinguished. It prevents unburned fuel accumulating after a flame goes out because of draught, spillage or interruption. Marine cooking and heating appliances should be maintained and ventilated in accordance with their instructions, and the device must never be bypassed.
A radio message giving the information needed to assist a vessel or person in grave and imminent danger. It normally follows a distress alert and call and includes identity, position, nature of distress, assistance required and other useful information. The prescribed format and channel for the equipment and service in use should be followed.
The entry of water into normally dry spaces through openings as a vessel heels or is immersed. Open hatches, vents, doors and damaged closures can cause progressive flooding and a rapid loss of stability and reserve buoyancy. Downflooding points are therefore important in stability assessment and heavy-weather preparation.
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