Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)
A safety device used in maritime emergencies to transmit a distress signal and location to search and rescue authorities via satellite communication.
An Electronic Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) is a critical piece of safety equipment designed to save lives in maritime emergencies. When activated, either manually or automatically upon contact with water, the EPIRB emits a distress signal on a specific frequency, typically 406 MHz, which is monitored by the Cospas-Sarsat satellite system. This signal includes the beacon’s unique identification code and, in the case of GPS-enabled EPIRBs, precise location coordinates. The information is relayed to ground stations and subsequently to maritime rescue coordination centres, enabling a swift and targeted response.
EPIRBs are mandatory for certain classes of vessels under international maritime regulations, such as those outlined in the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention. They are designed to operate reliably in harsh marine environments, with robust construction to withstand extreme conditions, including prolonged submersion, high impacts, and severe weather. Modern EPIRBs are equipped with a strobe light to aid visual detection during rescue operations and are powered by long-lasting batteries to ensure continuous operation for at least 48 hours.
The device is an essential component of a vessel’s emergency preparedness, providing a vital link between a distressed vessel and rescue services. It significantly increases the chances of survival by reducing the time it takes for rescuers to locate and assist those in peril at sea.
