Coriolis Effect

The apparent deflection of moving fluids, such as air or water, caused by the Earth’s rotation, influencing large-scale ocean currents and wind patterns.

The Coriolis Effect arises due to the rotation of the Earth and affects the movement of fluids across its surface. As the Earth spins, different latitudes move at different linear velocities — the equator moves faster than the poles. When a fluid like ocean water moves over long distances, its path appears to curve relative to the Earth’s surface. In the Northern Hemisphere, this deflection is to the right of the direction of motion, while in the Southern Hemisphere, it is to the left. This apparent deflection is not due to any actual force acting on the fluid but is a result of observing motion from a rotating reference frame.

In marine contexts, the Coriolis Effect plays a crucial role in shaping prevailing ocean currents, such as the Gulf Stream and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. It also influences the formation of large-scale gyres in the major ocean basins. The effect becomes more pronounced over greater distances and at higher speeds, and it is negligible at small scales, such as within a harbour or small bay. Mariners and navigators must consider the Coriolis Effect when plotting long-distance courses, especially in relation to current patterns and weather systems.