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Changing from one tack to the other by turning the bow through the wind, or progressing by a series of such manoeuvres. A single tack moves the sails from one side to the other; repeated tacking allows a sailing vessel to make progress towards a destination lying within its direct no-go sector. The optimum headings…
To lower, furl or otherwise remove a sail from use. The instruction may mean lowering a sail onto the deck or boom, rolling it on a furler or bringing it aboard, according to the sail and rig. It differs from reefing, which reduces the working area while leaving the sail set. Crew should prepare halyards,…
A spar used to position the windward clew or guy of a symmetric spinnaker away from the mast. Its inboard end attaches to a mast fitting and its outboard end carries the guy or brace. A topping lift supports it, a foreguy or downhaul controls upward movement, and these controls establish height and angle for…
A lightweight performance-oriented sailing boat designed for high speed, responsive handling and competitive sailing. Sportsboats commonly use a high sail-area-to-displacement ratio, asymmetric spinnaker, retractable bowsprit and a keel or centreboard, with crew weight contributing strongly to stability. Size, cabin provision, ballast and class rules vary, so the term does not define one regulated design category…
A compression strut projecting from a mast to deflect and support a shroud or stay. Spreaders increase the angle between mast and rigging so shroud tension can support the mast more effectively. They may be straight or swept, fixed or articulated, and arranged in one or several sets according to the rig. Their roots, tips,…
A sailing vessel with one mast and a fore-and-aft mainsail, normally with a headsail set ahead of it. The modern sloop is a common yacht rig, usually carrying a mainsail and one working headsail such as a jib or genoa. Variations include masthead and fractional rigs, and additional sails may be set without changing the…
The gap through which air flows between two adjacent sails. The term most commonly describes the space between a headsail and mainsail. Its width and shape change with sail trim, sheet lead, mast position and the relative sizes of the sails. Airflow through the slot influences the pressure distribution and flow over both sails. A…
A long structural member used to support, extend or control sails, rigging, signals or equipment aboard a vessel. Masts, booms, yards, gaffs, bowsprits, spinnaker poles and whisker poles are spars. They may be timber, aluminium, steel or composite and carry compression, bending, torsion and local loads through fittings and rigging. A spar’s section, support and…
To reduce a sail’s aerodynamic force by allowing airflow or pressure to escape from the working sail shape. Wind can be spilled by easing a sheet, twisting the sail, feathering closer to the wind, dropping a traveller or opening the leech through another control. The result can reduce heel, load or acceleration without immediately reducing…
A large lightweight headsail designed primarily for reaching or downwind sailing. A symmetric spinnaker has two interchangeable clews and is commonly controlled with sheets, guys and a pole; an asymmetric spinnaker has a defined tack and clew and may be set from a bowsprit or bow. Cut, cloth and intended wind angle vary widely. The…
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