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Marine navigation has its own secret language, and let’s face it—half of it sounds like someone making things up after too much grog. You’ve got your ‘dead reckoning,’ which isn’t nearly as ominous as it sounds, and ‘bearing,’ which has nothing to do with polar bears but everything to do with pointing the right way. Don’t even get us started on ‘knots’—why measure speed like you’re tying a shoelace? And then there’s ‘fix (not for your engine) and ‘DR’ (spoiler: it’s not a doctor). If you’re baffled, don’t worry—we’re here to help you decipher this nautical code so you can sound like a pro, not a landlubber who’s lost their compass.
To tack a sailing vessel by turning its bow through the wind. As the bow crosses the wind, the sails cease drawing and then fill on the opposite side, placing the vessel on the other tack. The command may initiate a coordinated sequence of helm movement and releasing and trimming sheets, but exact calls and…
Moving a vessel stern-first through the water or applying astern propulsion. Applying astern power does not always produce immediate sternway because the vessel may still carry forward momentum. Once moving astern, many vessels steer less predictably than ahead, and propeller side force, wind, current, hull form and rudder arrangement can strongly affect the motion. Astern…
A sailing manoeuvre in which the stern passes through the wind and the sails change from one side to the other. A gybe occurs with the true wind abaft the beam and may be deliberate or accidental. As the wind changes sides, a boom or other sail-handling equipment can cross the vessel rapidly and the…
Suspended microscopic water droplets or ice crystals near the surface that reduce horizontal visibility below 1,000 metres. Fog forms through several processes, including cooling moist air to saturation, moving warm moist air over colder water, radiation cooling and evaporation into cold air. Mist is the corresponding obscuration when visibility remains at least 1,000 metres under…
The charted height of a feature above chart datum when that feature covers and uncovers with the tide. Drying heights are used for rocks, banks and areas that are above chart datum but submerged when the tide rises sufficiently. They are normally printed differently from soundings so the navigator can distinguish a height above datum…
The falling phase of the tide between high water and the following low water. Ebb describes changing water level; the associated horizontal flow is an ebb tidal stream. The stream may continue after local high or low water, reverse at a different time, or follow a channel rather than simply flowing directly away from the…
An instrument that measures water depth by timing sound pulses reflected from the seabed. A transducer sends a pulse through the water and receives the returning echo. The instrument uses the elapsed time and an assumed speed of sound in water to calculate and display a depth, often as a numerical value and a scrolling…
The measurement of water depth using the travel time of a reflected sound pulse. The pulse is transmitted towards the seabed and its echo is detected after travelling down and back. An echo sounder converts that elapsed time into a depth using an assumed speed of sound through the water. An echo sounding is an…
An official vector chart database issued by or under government authority for use in an Electronic Chart Display and Information System. Usually abbreviated ENC, it has standardised content, structure and format conforming to International Hydrographic Organization standards. Its geo-referenced objects can be queried and selectively portrayed, allowing ECDIS to perform route monitoring and safety checks…
A plotted position obtained by advancing a known position and applying estimated effects such as tidal stream and leeway. Usually abbreviated EP, it begins with a fix or another accepted position, then uses course steered, speed through the water and elapsed time together with the best available estimates of external movement. In traditional UK chartwork…
If you belive the Earth is flat, you're about to fall of the end...
If you belive the Earth is flat, you're about to fall of the end...
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