Run

To allow a line, rope, or cable to move freely through a block, fairlead, or other fitting.

The direction a vessel is moving, particularly when sailing with the wind directly behind it.

In maritime terminology, “run” can refer to both the action of allowing a rope or line to move freely and the specific point of sail when a vessel is moving directly downwind. When used as a verb, “run” often describes the process of letting a line pass through a block or other fitting without resistance, which can be crucial during manoeuvres like adjusting sails or deploying anchors. For example, when a sailor “runs” a sheet, they allow it to move freely to adjust the sail’s position.

As a noun, “run” refers to the course or direction a vessel is taking, particularly when it is sailing with the wind directly behind it. This is one of the points of sail and is often considered the most efficient and fastest way to travel under sail, as the wind is pushing the vessel forward from behind. However, it can also be one of the more challenging points of sail to manage, as the risk of an accidental jibe—where the boom swings violently from one side to the other—can be higher. 

In addition to these meanings, “run” can also describe the shape or contour of a vessel’s hull below the waterline, which affects how smoothly it moves through the water. A well-designed run allows a vessel to glide efficiently, reducing drag and improving speed and handling.