Pratique

The official permission granted to a vessel by port health authorities, allowing it to enter a port and conduct operations after confirming it is free from contagious diseases or other health risks.

Pratique is a term deeply rooted in maritime operations, particularly concerning the health and safety protocols of ports and harbours. Historically, it emerged as a critical measure during times when outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as cholera or plague, posed significant threats to coastal communities. Before a ship could dock and interact with the local population or unload its cargo, it was required to demonstrate that it posed no health risks. This was typically achieved through the presentation of a “clean bill of health” or by undergoing inspection by port health officials. 

In modern maritime practice, the granting of pratique remains a fundamental procedure, though it has evolved with advancements in medical science and international health regulations. Ships arriving at a port are often required to submit a Maritime Declaration of Health, detailing the health status of the crew and passengers, as well as any recent illnesses or deaths on board. If the authorities are satisfied with the documentation and, if necessary, an onboard inspection, the vessel is granted pratique. Without it, the ship may be quarantined, restricted from unloading cargo, or barred from disembarking passengers.

The term itself derives from the French word “pratique,” meaning “practice” or “custom,” reflecting its origins in established maritime customs. Today, it underscores the importance of health and safety in global shipping and trade, ensuring that ports remain safeguarded against the spread of diseases.