Gaff Rig

A sailing rig where the sail is four-sided and controlled by a spar (the gaff) at its top, which is hoisted at an angle to the mast.

A gaff rig is a traditional type of sail configuration commonly seen on classic sailing vessels, particularly workboats, yachts, and smaller traditional craft. The defining feature of a gaff rig is the use of a gaff, a horizontal or angled spar that extends from the mast to the upper aft corner of the sail. This allows the sail to take on a four-sided, trapezoidal shape, as opposed to the more modern triangular sails seen in Bermuda rigs. The gaff is hoisted by a halyard and is held at an angle to the mast, with the lower edge of the sail (the foot) often attached to a boom, which helps control the sail’s shape and direction.

Gaff rigs are known for their ability to carry a large sail area relative to the height of the mast, which can be advantageous in light winds. However, they require more rigging and are generally more complex to handle than simpler rigs like the Bermuda rig. The gaff rig also tends to have a lower centre of effort, which can provide greater stability in certain conditions. 

Historically, gaff rigs were widely used on fishing boats, cargo vessels, and other working craft due to their efficiency and versatility. Today, they are often found on traditional or classic yachts, as well as on replica vessels, where their aesthetic appeal and historical significance are valued.