Gaff

A spar attached to a mast, used to support the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail, such as a gaff rigged mainsail or topsail. 

A gaff is an integral part of traditional sailing rigs, particularly in gaff-rigged vessels, which were commonly used before the widespread adoption of the Bermuda rig. It is a horizontal or slightly angled spar that extends from the mast to support the upper edge of a four-sided sail, known as a gaff sail. The gaff is typically secured to the mast with fittings such as jaws or a saddle, allowing it to pivot as the sail is adjusted. The lower edge of the sail is attached to the boom, while the upper edge is laced or otherwise fastened to the gaff. 

The gaff rig offers several advantages, including the ability to carry a larger sail area for a given mast height, which can be particularly useful in light winds. This design also allows for a lower centre of effort, contributing to the vessel’s stability. However, it is more complex to handle compared to simpler rigs like the Bermuda rig, as it requires additional lines such as the peak halyard and throat halyard to raise and control the gaff. 

Gaffs are often constructed from wood or lightweight metal, depending on the vessel’s size and purpose. While less common on modern yachts, gaff rigs remain popular in traditional sailing vessels, working boats, and classic yacht racing, valued for their aesthetic appeal and historical significance.