Collision Regulations (COLREGs)

The internationally agreed rules designed to prevent collisions at sea by setting out navigation procedures, responsibilities, and conduct for vessels.

The Collision Regulations, formally known as the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (IRPCS), are a set of rules established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to standardise navigational behaviour and ensure the safe passage of vessels on the water. First adopted in 1972, these regulations apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all connected navigable waters. The COLREGs cover a wide range of topics, including the conduct of vessels in sight of one another, in restricted visibility, and in various traffic situations. They also define the responsibilities between different types of vessels, such as power-driven versus sailing vessels, and outline the use of navigation lights, sound signals, and day shapes to communicate a vessel’s status or intentions.

The rules are divided into parts and annexes, addressing general definitions, steering and sailing rules, lights and shapes, and sound and light signals. They are legally binding and are enforced by maritime authorities in most countries. Understanding and adhering to the Collision Regulations is essential for all mariners, from commercial ship operators to recreational boaters, as failure to comply can result in accidents, liability, or penalties. The regulations are regularly updated to reflect changes in maritime practice and technology.