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Nautical weather terminology is like a secret language designed to keep landlubbers guessing. Why say ‘storm’s brewing’ when you can declare there’s a ‘cyclonic gale on the Beaufort scale’? And don’t even get us started on terms like ‘sea state 5’—is that a weather warning or a new action movie? Mariner-speak turns clouds into ‘cumulonimbus monstrosities’ and drizzle into ‘light spindrift.’ Meanwhile, the rest of us are just trying to figure out if we need a raincoat. Don’t worry, we can help you navigate this foggy jargon without needing a barometer tattooed on your arm!
Describes circulation in the same sense as a cyclone around an area of low pressure. Cyclonic flow is anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere when viewed from above. The term describes the direction and pressure association of the circulation; it does not by itself specify the system’s size, origin or…
An informal name sometimes given to Beaufort force 6, a strong breeze. On the Beaufort scale, force 6 corresponds to a mean wind speed of 22–27 knots. At sea, large waves begin to form, white foam crests are extensive and some spray is likely. The expression is colloquial rather than an official Beaufort description. Force…
The Beaufort force 10 wind description, corresponding to mean wind speeds of 48–55 knots. At sea, very high waves develop with long overhanging crests; the surface becomes white with foam and visibility is reduced by spray. Conditions are dangerous for small craft and place severe demands on vessels and crews. Beaufort force describes observed or…
The Beaufort force 11 wind description, corresponding to mean wind speeds of 56–63 knots. Exceptionally high waves may hide small and medium-sized vessels from view, while foam and spray greatly reduce visibility. Such conditions are extremely hazardous and are rarely encountered by small craft operating prudently. The Beaufort force is based on wind speed and…
A Beaufort force 12 wind, with a mean speed of 64 knots or more. Hurricane force is the highest numbered force on the Beaufort scale and describes extremely destructive wind and exceptional sea conditions. The term can be used for wind outside a tropical cyclone and therefore does not by itself mean that a meteorological…
A five-category scale classifying hurricanes by their maximum sustained surface wind speed. Category 1 begins at 64 knots and Category 5 at 137 knots on the one-minute sustained-wind convention used by the United States National Hurricane Center. The categories indicate potential wind damage but do not measure a cyclone’s physical size or overall destructive potential….
A large-scale atmospheric circulation around a low-pressure centre, rotating anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Cyclone is a general meteorological term and includes extratropical depressions as well as tropical cyclones. Air converges towards lower pressure and is deflected by Earth’s rotation, commonly producing cloud, precipitation, shifting winds and unsettled conditions….
Water particles that fall from the atmosphere and reach the surface as rain, drizzle, snow, sleet, hail or related forms. Precipitation develops when cloud droplets or ice particles grow heavy enough to fall. Its form depends on the temperature and moisture profile between the cloud and the surface, so it may change during descent. For…
The amount of dissolved salts in seawater or other water. Ocean salinity varies with evaporation, precipitation, river input, ice formation and melting, and mixing between water masses. It influences seawater density, buoyancy, sound speed, freezing point and large-scale circulation. Modern oceanography commonly reports practical salinity as a dimensionless value derived from conductivity, while absolute salinity…
A buoy, platform or other installation that gathers and often transmits oceanographic or meteorological observations.
If you belive the Earth is flat, you're about to fall of the end...
If you belive the Earth is flat, you're about to fall of the end...
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