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A reefing system in which one control line draws down both the tack and clew areas of a mainsail. The line is routed through blocks or the boom so a reef can be taken with fewer separate operations. Low friction, correct sequence and secure final tension are essential; halyard and topping support still require coordinated…
A restraint designed to secure equipment, cargo or movable structure against vessel motions at sea. It may use welds, bolts, lashings, stoppers or engineered supports sized for expected accelerations and loads. Fastenings require inspection after loading and during the voyage and must not obstruct emergency access or safe operation.
The positioning of an engine, gearbox, bearings and propeller shaft so their rotational axes agree within specified tolerances. Poor alignment causes vibration, heat, bearing and seal wear and transmission loads. Checks must allow for hull deflection, flexible mounts, coupling type and the vessel’s afloat condition.
A bearing that supports and locates a rudder stock while allowing it to rotate. Vessels may have upper, lower and intermediate bearings carrying radial and axial loads. Wear, lubrication, alignment, seals and structural attachments affect steering accuracy and watertight integrity.
A loss of rudder lift caused when the water flow separates at an excessive angle of attack. Beyond the effective rudder angle, adding more helm may increase drag without producing more turning force. Speed, propeller wash, hull interaction and ventilation affect the angle at which stall occurs.
The distribution of aerodynamic force between a vessel’s sails and its relationship to the hull and underwater foils. Good balance produces manageable helm and efficient tracking. Reefing, changing headsails, mast tune and sail trim move the centre of effort and can increase or reduce weather or lee helm.
The progressive change in a sail’s angle from its lower part to its head. Some twist is needed because apparent wind normally changes with height and because the upper sail must exhaust flow cleanly. Sheet lead, vang, traveller and mast or rig controls adjust twist according to point of sail and conditions.
A flexible sealing membrane fitted around a saildrive leg where it passes through the hull. The structural installation normally includes an internal watertight seal and often an external fairing membrane with different functions. Inspection and replacement intervals must follow the drive manufacturer’s requirements because deterioration can permit serious water ingress.
A headsail whose clew extends abaft the mast when set in its normal position. Genoas are typical overlapping headsails and use the overlap to provide additional sail area. They require clear sheeting leads and more handling through a tack than non-overlapping jibs.
The halyard that raises and supports the outer or peak end of a gaff. It works with the throat halyard to set the gaff’s height and angle. Coordinated hauling and easing prevents the gaff twisting, binding or imposing uneven loads on the sail and mast.
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