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The fixed reference mark on a compass that represents the vessel’s fore-and-aft heading line. The heading is read where the lubber line intersects the graduations on the compass card. The line and compass must be installed in known alignment with the vessel’s heading reference; an installation error becomes part of the compass error. Some compasses…
The leading edge of a sail. On a mainsail it normally runs between tack and head beside the mast; on a headsail it lies along or ahead of the supporting stay or foil. The luff may contain a bolt rope, slides, cars, hanks or a shaped tape according to the attachment system. Halyard, cunningham and…
The northerly reference direction indicated by a magnetic compass free from local compass error. Magnetic north follows the local direction of the Earth’s magnetic field and differs from true north by magnetic variation, whose size and direction change with location and time. It should not be described simply as pointing directly at the moving north…
To set or increase sail in preparation for or while proceeding under sail. Making sail can include hoisting, unfurling or setting one or more sails and trimming them for the intended course. The expression may describe getting under way under sail, but it can also mean adding sail after the vessel is already under way….
The sail set on the mainmast and normally regarded as the principal sail of that mast. On a modern sloop or cutter it is usually a fore-and-aft sail with its luff attached to or close to the mast and its foot on a boom or loose-footed. Other rigs use gaff, lug, square or multi-masted arrangements,…
An adjustable fitting or car that moves the mainsheet’s effective deck attachment across or along the vessel. On many yachts the car runs on a transverse track and changes the boom’s lateral position without the same change in sheet tension that would occur by easing the mainsheet. This allows angle of attack and leech tension…
To secure a line or object so that it remains held in the required position. A line may be made fast to a cleat, bollard, bitt, samson post or other suitable fitting using the appropriate turns, hitch, splice or hardware. The instruction can also apply to securing a vessel, fender, tender or item of equipment….
A principal upright or near-upright spar or structure that supports sails, rigging or equipment aboard a vessel. A sailing mast carries sail and rig loads through standing and running rigging and may be deck-stepped or keel-stepped. Power vessels also use masts for lights, antennas, radar, signals and sensors, and construction may be timber, aluminium, steel…
The structural fitting or support on which the heel of a mast is seated. A mast step locates the base of the mast and transfers compression and other rig loads into the vessel’s structure. It may be on deck, on the coachroof or lower in the hull for a keel-stepped mast, and its form must…
A short line, cord or strap used to secure, operate or retain an item aboard a vessel. Lanyards prevent portable equipment such as knives, tools, keys and safety pins from being lost, and they may connect components or provide a means of pulling a release or firing mechanism. Their size, material and attachment depend on…
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