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A mooring line led approximately at right angles to a vessel’s fore-and-aft line to restrain sideways movement. Breast lines hold the vessel alongside but provide little control of fore-and-aft movement, which is chiefly the role of spring lines. Their leads and loads must allow for tide, surge, passing traffic and changes in freeboard.
A compartment in which anchor chain is stowed below the windlass or chain pipe. It should allow chain to self-stow as far as practicable and provide drainage, access and a means of securing the bitter end that can be released in an emergency. Wet, muddy chain and restricted access make ventilation, inspection and safe entry…
A recognised signal indicating grave and imminent danger and a need for immediate assistance. Maritime distress signals include specified radio alerts and calls, visual signals, pyrotechnics and other internationally recognised forms. They must not be used casually, and any received distress indication should be treated according to applicable search-and-rescue and radio procedures.
The process of arranging a knot’s parts neatly in their intended positions before it is fully tightened. Correct dressing removes unintended crossings, distributes load as designed and makes inspection easier. A poorly dressed knot may capsize, jam unevenly or lose strength even when the nominal knot has been tied correctly.
A fore-and-aft stay fitted abaft the main forestay to support the mast or carry an inner headsail. It may be permanent or removable and is commonly used for a staysail or storm jib. Its load, attachment points and interaction with running backstays or swept spreaders depend on the rig design and should follow the designer’s…
The direction of an object measured clockwise from a vessel’s heading. It is normally expressed from 000° directly ahead through 090° on the starboard beam, 180° astern and 270° on the port beam. Adding relative bearing to the vessel’s true or magnetic heading, with the result reduced to 000°–359°, gives a bearing in the same…
The internationally agreed code words used to spell letters clearly during voice radio communication. Words such as Alfa, Bravo and Charlie reduce misunderstanding when reception is weak, accents differ or a call sign must be copied exactly. Maritime operators should use the prescribed pronunciations and the appropriate spoken forms for numerals.
Five interdependent controls used to keep a sailing dinghy balanced and performing efficiently. They are commonly taught as sail setting, centreboard or daggerboard position, boat balance, boat trim and course made good. The controls are adjusted continuously for wind strength, point of sail and sea state rather than treated as a fixed checklist.
An area that may be swept by a mooring line or fitting if a heavily loaded line parts or pulls free. The shape of the danger area depends on the line’s lead, elasticity, attachment points and nearby fittings, and it may not be a simple straight line. Crew should keep out of likely recoil paths,…
The seabed material in which an anchor must dig in and resist movement. Mud, sand, gravel, weed, rock and mixed bottoms provide very different holding characteristics, and performance also depends on anchor type, scope and how the anchor is set. Charts, pilotage information and local knowledge help assess a berth, but the vessel’s position must…
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