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A controlled series of heading observations used to determine a magnetic compass’s deviation. The vessel is placed on known headings or compared with reliable references around the compass. Results are recorded as a deviation table or card and repeated after changes likely to affect the vessel’s magnetic field.
The scale at which source data was selected and compiled for a chart or electronic navigational dataset. It indicates the intended level of detail and use but does not guarantee positional accuracy. Displaying electronic chart data at a larger scale cannot create detail or precision absent from the source.
The convention used to write a geographic or grid position. Latitude and longitude may be expressed as degrees and decimal minutes, decimal degrees, or degrees, minutes and seconds. The format, hemispheres and datum must be stated because misreading them can place a position many miles away.
A stern form in which the upper part projects aft beyond the waterline and rises from a curved afterbody. It was common on traditional sailing yachts and ships and can provide a graceful overhang and increased deck length. The shape differs from a flat transom stern and affects usable volume and behaviour when pitching.
Repeated variation of load on a component over time. Even loads below the material’s ultimate strength can initiate fatigue cracks, loosen fittings or damage fibres after many cycles. Rigging, shafts, moorings and hull structures therefore require inspection based on both load magnitude and service history.
A black cylindrical day shape used as part of specified visual signals under the collision regulations. Its meaning depends on the full combination in which it is displayed rather than the cylinder alone. Day shapes must be of adequate size, correctly spaced and visible around the required horizon sectors.
A surveyed depth value printed at a specific position on a nautical chart. The value is reduced to the chart’s stated datum and may not represent the shallowest depth between soundings. Survey age, quality, seabed change, tide and the vessel’s required clearance must all be considered.
The practical use of nautical charts to plan, plot and monitor a vessel’s navigation. It includes positions, courses, distances, bearings, tidal vectors, clearing limits and other constructions. Accurate chartwork depends on correct symbols, datums, scales and time references and must be checked against observations and electronic systems.
An adjustable stay used to support a mast locally and control bend or forestay tension. Checkstays commonly lead aft from the mast and may need easing on the leeward side during a tack or gybe. Incorrect use can distort the mast or conflict with the mainsail, so operation depends on the particular rig design.
A raised border around a cockpit that helps keep water out and provides structural and crew support. Its shape can deflect spray, support seating and form the edge for lockers or cockpit enclosures. Openings and fittings through the coaming should preserve drainage, strength and weather protection.
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