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A reefing system in which one control line draws down both the tack and clew areas of a mainsail. The line is routed through blocks or the boom so a reef can be taken with fewer separate operations. Low friction, correct sequence and secure final tension are essential; halyard and topping support still require coordinated…
A radio wave returned toward Earth after refraction in the ionosphere. Sky-wave propagation allows HF and sometimes MF signals to travel far beyond the radio horizon. Range and reliability vary with frequency, time, season, solar activity and ionospheric disturbance.
The event-specific rules and directions issued for a sailing race or regatta. They define matters such as course, signals, schedule, starting and finishing arrangements, penalties and local procedures and may change permitted racing-rule provisions. Competitors must read them with the notice of race and official amendments.
A collision-regulation provision governing the conduct of sailing vessels in relation to one another or other vessels. Which vessel keeps clear depends on tack, windward position and other circumstances, but the specific rule set and vessel status must be identified first. Sailing rules do not override the duties of lookout, safe speed or action to…
A restraint designed to secure equipment, cargo or movable structure against vessel motions at sea. It may use welds, bolts, lashings, stoppers or engineered supports sized for expected accelerations and loads. Fastenings require inspection after loading and during the voyage and must not obstruct emergency access or safe operation.
A defined area within which a state or rescue coordination centre coordinates maritime or aeronautical search-and-rescue services. Boundaries allocate coordination responsibility and do not necessarily match territorial waters or national borders. Adjacent services cooperate when an incident crosses a boundary or resources from more than one region are needed.
Motion-induced illness commonly causing nausea, dizziness, pallor and vomiting at sea. It can impair judgement, hydration and the ability to keep watch. Fresh air, a view of the horizon, appropriate position aboard and timely medication may help, while severe or persistent symptoms require attention to hydration and safety.
The direction toward which a current flows. Set is expressed as a true direction and is paired with drift, the current’s rate. This differs from wind direction, which is conventionally named for the direction from which the wind comes.
The positioning of an engine, gearbox, bearings and propeller shaft so their rotational axes agree within specified tolerances. Poor alignment causes vibration, heat, bearing and seal wear and transmission loads. Checks must allow for hull deflection, flexible mounts, coupling type and the vessel’s afloat condition.
The section of a planned route between two consecutive waypoints. Each leg has a course, distance and associated limits or hazards. Wheel-over position, cross-track tolerance, depth, clearing criteria and the transition to the next leg should be considered during planning.
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