Glossary Archive

When the bow points directly into the wind with the sails flapping during the process of going about

The RYA Intermediate Windsurfing course bridges the gap between beginner and advanced skills. Participants learn techniques for improving speed, balance, and transitions in moderate conditions. The course introduces planing and teaches windsurfers how to optimize their stance and sail trim. By the end, participants will feel confident handling more dynamic conditions and progressing toward advanced...

The RYA Intermediate Windsurfing (Planing) course introduces participants to planing techniques, enabling them to harness the power of stronger winds. Participants learn how to control the board at higher speeds, manage their stance, and optimize sail trim. Practical exercises focus on improving transitions and maintaining stability. This course is ideal for windsurfers progressing from beginner...

The International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) is an international organisation that aims to promote safe, efficient, and sustainable navigation by coordinating the efforts of national and regional lighthouse authorities worldwide. IALA develops and maintains standards and guidelines for maritime navigation aids, such as lighthouses, buoys, and beacons, to ensure consistency and interoperability across different...

An official document that certifies a person's ability to operate a pleasure craft in countries that recognise it.  The International Certificate of Competence (ICC) is a standardised qualification that demonstrates a boater's competency to operate a pleasure craft in international waters where it is recognised. It is issued by authorised national authorities and is often...

A system of flags, codes, and symbols used by ships to communicate essential messages and ensure safety at sea, regardless of language barriers. The International Code of Signals (ICS) is a globally recognised communication system designed to facilitate clear and unambiguous exchanges between vessels and between ships and shore stations. Established in the early 19th...

Established by the IMO, MARPOL is the convention for preventing pollution from ships. It is the main international convention covering the prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes. See the full convention here.

A global agreement established by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) to ensure seafarers are properly trained, certified, and competent to perform their duties on board ships. The STCW Convention was first adopted in 1978 and came into force in 1984, marking the first time minimum international standards for seafarers' training, certification, and watchkeeping were established....

An imaginary longitudinal line located at approximately 180 degrees longitude serving as the demarcation where the calendar date changes by one day when crossed. The International Date Line (IDL) is a conceptual boundary on the Earth's surface, primarily situated along the 180th meridian in the mid-Pacific Ocean. It is not a straight line but zigzags...

An intergovernmental organisation dedicated to ensuring the uniformity and standardisation of hydrographic and nautical charting practices globally to support safe navigation and the sustainable use of marine environments. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), established in 1921 and headquartered in Monaco, is the principal authority for coordinating global hydrographic efforts. Its primary aim is to ensure...