Mole

A solid structure, often made of stone or concrete, built to protect a harbour, anchorage, or shoreline from the effects of waves and currents, and sometimes used as a pier for docking vessels.

A mole is a significant maritime structure designed to serve as a barrier against the forces of the sea, such as waves, tides, and currents, thereby safeguarding harbours, ports, or coastal areas. Unlike breakwaters, which are typically constructed offshore and do not necessarily connect to the land, moles are usually connected to the shore and may extend into the water. They are often constructed using durable materials such as stone blocks, concrete, or a combination of both, ensuring their resilience against the harsh marine environment. 

Moles can serve multiple purposes. Primarily, they act as protective barriers, reducing the impact of waves and creating calm waters within harbours or anchorages, which is essential for the safe mooring and manoeuvring of vessels. Additionally, moles may function as piers, providing a platform for ships to dock, load, and unload cargo or passengers. In some cases, they also serve as walkways or recreational spaces for people, offering scenic views of the sea.

The design and construction of a mole depend on various factors, including the local wave climate, tidal range, and the intended purpose of the structure. For example, a mole built to protect a large commercial port may be more robust and extensive than one designed for a small fishing harbour. Over time, moles may require maintenance to address wear and tear caused by constant exposure to saltwater and wave action. Despite this, they remain an essential feature of coastal infrastructure, contributing to maritime safety and the functionality of port facilities.