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A distress beacon that transmits a digitally coded alert on 406 MHz to the Cospas-Sarsat satellite system. EPIRBs, PLBs and some aviation beacons use this frequency to identify the beacon and support search-and-rescue coordination. Many also transmit GNSS position data and a separate short-range homing signal; registration and correct testing are essential.
A securing arrangement that prevents an anchor moving unintentionally while a vessel is under way. It supplements the windlass brake and may use a stopper, pin, claw, wire or other approved restraint. The arrangement must withstand vessel motion and wave impact yet be capable of safe release when the anchor is required.
A strong shackle used to connect an anchor to its chain, swivel or cable. Its size, material and working capacity must suit the anchoring system, and the pin must be secured against working loose. The fitting should pass through the vessel’s bow equipment without fouling and be inspected for wear, distortion and corrosion.
The predicted yearly rate of change in magnetic variation at a stated place and epoch. It is printed on charts or other magnetic information so an older variation can be adjusted approximately to the required year. Because the rate itself can change, current chart information should be used for important navigation.
The meridian of longitude approximately 180 degrees from a chosen prime meridian. The antimeridian to Greenwich lies at 180° east or west and broadly coincides with parts of the International Date Line. Crossing the date line changes the calendar date, although political deviations mean it does not follow the meridian exactly.
The angle between a vessel’s fore-and-aft line and the apparent wind direction. It is normally measured from the bow on the side from which the wind is felt. Boat speed and course alter apparent wind angle even when true wind is unchanged, making it a primary reference for steering and sail trim.
The initial passage-planning stage in which all relevant information is gathered and assessed. Charts, publications, forecasts, tides, vessel limitations, regulatory requirements and available navigational aids are reviewed before the route is planned. Missing, unreliable or conflicting information should be resolved or explicitly allowed for.
A headsail held or sheeted to windward so its aerodynamic force acts opposite to its usual direction. It is used during heaving-to, some tacking techniques and manoeuvres requiring the bow to be pushed away from the wind. Loads and sheet leads must be controlled because the sail can fill suddenly.
The radius of the curve through which a rope, cable, hose or other flexible component is bent. A bend that is too tight can reduce rope strength, damage fibres, kink wire or restrict a hose. Manufacturer limits and an appropriate sheave or fairlead diameter should be used, especially under load.
The route and attachment position through which a sheet pulls on a sail. Moving the lead changes the balance of tension between a sail’s foot and leech and therefore alters twist and shape. A fair, correctly aligned lead also reduces chafe and side loading on blocks or fairleads.
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