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Unwanted entry of water into a vessel, compartment or piece of equipment. Sources include hull damage, leaking fittings, failed hoses, downflooding and rain or spray. Early detection, isolation, pumping and investigation are vital because free surface and progressive flooding can rapidly threaten stability and systems.
A local rotating or reversing current formed where tidal flow separates around a headland, bank, structure or channel edge. Its direction and timing may differ from the main stream and change through the tidal cycle. Eddies can assist or hinder pilotage but should be used only with current local information and observation.
A calculated forecast of tidal height or stream for a specified place and time. Predictions use harmonic or numerical methods based largely on astronomical forcing and historical observations. Actual conditions can differ because of wind, pressure, river flow and local changes, so real-time information may be needed.
Marine flares or other pyrotechnic signals that have passed their marked expiry date. They must not be relied upon as required distress equipment and can become unstable or unreliable. Storage and disposal must follow the authorised local scheme; they should never be fired for practice unless part of an approved event.
A defined one-way route for vessels within a traffic-separation scheme. Vessels using a lane proceed in its general direction and normally join or leave at a small angle, while crossing vessels cross as nearly as practicable at right angles to traffic flow. The full collision-regulation provisions and charted scheme apply.
A device that converts one form of energy or physical quantity into another usable signal. Marine transducers include echo-sounder elements converting electrical pulses to sound and back, and sensors for speed, pressure or temperature. Installation, calibration, fouling and acoustic or electrical interference affect accuracy.
A correction applied between a sensor’s physical reference point and the datum in which its displayed value is required. An echo sounder may be offset to show depth below the transducer, keel or waterline. The selected convention and sign must be documented because an incorrect offset can create a dangerous depth error.
A position line moved forward or backward to a common time using the vessel’s estimated motion. It allows a running fix to be formed from observations taken at different times. Accuracy depends on the original observation and on the course, speed, current and leeway assumed during the transfer.
A stern ending in a substantially flat surface across the vessel’s after end. The transom may support an outboard, boarding platform, rudder fittings or exhausts and can provide interior volume. Shape and immersion influence resistance, following-sea behaviour and drainage.
A sliding fitting that carries a sheet block or other control along a traveller track. On a mainsheet traveller it changes the boom’s lateral position without necessarily changing sheet tension. The car, stops, control lines and bearings must handle dynamic loads and remain free of obstructions.
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