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A waterproof hat with a broad brim shaped to protect the face and neck from rain and spray. The rear brim is longer so that water runs clear of the collar, while the front and side brim gives protection without obstructing vision excessively. Traditional versions were made from oiled fabric; modern examples commonly use coated…
A substantial inlet or passage of water whose exact geographic form varies by regional usage. A sound may be a broad channel between land masses, a coastal inlet, or water separating an island from a mainland. Unlike strait, bay or fjord, the name does not impose one universal combination of width, origin or connection between…
A measurement of water depth or the act of obtaining that measurement. Traditional soundings use a lead line, while echo sounders determine travel time of acoustic energy between transducer and seabed. A charted sounding is normally reduced to chart datum, whereas an onboard display may show depth below transducer, keel or surface depending on its…
A long structural member used to support, extend or control sails, rigging, signals or equipment aboard a vessel. Masts, booms, yards, gaffs, bowsprits, spinnaker poles and whisker poles are spars. They may be timber, aluminium, steel or composite and carry compression, bending, torsion and local loads through fittings and rigging. A spar’s section, support and…
The component of a vessel’s velocity over the ground in a specified desired direction. Speed made good can be measured along the intended track, towards a waypoint or in another stated direction and is the rate of change of distance made good. A vessel may have high speed over the ground but low or negative…
The magnitude of a vessel’s velocity relative to the Earth’s surface. SOG is commonly derived by GNSS from successive positions or signal measurements and is paired with course over the ground. It differs from speed through the water because current and leeway alter ground movement, while wind affects it indirectly through vessel motion. SOG can…
To reduce a sail’s aerodynamic force by allowing airflow or pressure to escape from the working sail shape. Wind can be spilled by easing a sheet, twisting the sail, feathering closer to the wind, dropping a traveller or opening the leech through another control. The result can reduce heel, load or acceleration without immediately reducing…
A large lightweight headsail designed primarily for reaching or downwind sailing. A symmetric spinnaker has two interchangeable clews and is commonly controlled with sheets, guys and a pole; an asymmetric spinnaker has a defined tack and clew and may be set from a bowsprit or bow. Cut, cloth and intended wind angle vary widely. The…
A local circulation in which near-surface air flows from water towards warmer land because of differential heating. It commonly develops by day as land heats faster than the adjacent sea, creating pressure differences and a return flow aloft. Onset, direction, depth and strength depend on coastline orientation, terrain, water temperature, cloud, stability and the background…
A valve fitted to a through-hull opening so that water flow into or out of a vessel can be shut off. Seacocks isolate systems such as engine cooling-water intakes, toilets, sinks and drains. They are normally mounted directly on, or securely connected to, a skin fitting and must be compatible with the hull, pipework and…
If you belive the Earth is flat, you're about to fall of the end...
If you belive the Earth is flat, you're about to fall of the end...
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