United States Naval Observatory (USNO)

A scientific institution operated by the United States Navy that specialises in astronomical and timekeeping research, providing precise navigational data for military and civilian use. 

The United States Naval Observatory (USNO) is one of the oldest scientific agencies in the United States, established in 1830 to support naval navigation by producing accurate astronomical data. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the nation’s official time standard, contributing to the development of precise timekeeping systems essential for navigation, communications, and defence. The USNO operates highly accurate atomic clocks and provides data for the Global Positioning System (GPS), ensuring synchronisation for military and civilian applications. Additionally, it conducts astronomical observations, tracking celestial bodies to refine navigational charts and ephemerides used by mariners. Located in Washington, D.C., the observatory also houses the Vice President’s official residence. Over time, its contributions have expanded beyond naval applications, influencing global timekeeping and astronomical research.